Jammu and Kashmir are a Union Territory of India, constituting the southern and southeastern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India, Pakistan, and China since mid 20th century. The underlying regions of this UT were parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, whose western districts, now known as Azad Kashmir (by some people), and northern territories, now known as Gilgit-Baltistan, are administered by Pakistan. The Aksai Chin region in the east, bordering Tibet, has been under Chinese control since 1962.

The government of India repealed the special status provided to Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 of the Indian constitution in 2019, the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, which contained provisions that dissolved the state and reorganized it into two union territories - Jammu and Kashmir in the west, and Ladakh in the east, with effect from 31 October 2019.

History
The history of Jammu and Kashmir is far longer than we read in textbooks. It has seen several rulers rule and has also seen the Indo-Pakistan War, which has resulted in the continued insurgency in this region of India.

Initially, when Jammu and Kashmir was a state, at that time it was accorded special status by Article 370 of the Constitution of India. In contrast to other states in India, Jammu and Kashmir had their constitution, flag, and administrative autonomy. Indian citizens from other states were not allowed to purchase land or property in Jammu and Kashmir.

The Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) came to power in the 2014 Indian general election and five years later included in their 2019 election manifesto the revocation of Article 370 of the Constitution of India, to bring Jammu and Kashmir to equal status with other states.

A resolution to repeal Article 370 was passed by both the Houses of Parliament of India in August 2019. At the same time, a reorganization Act was also passed, which would reconstitute the state into two union territories, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. The reorganization took effect on 31 October 2019.

Geography
Jammu and Kashmir is home to several valleys such as the Kashmir Valley, Chenab Valley, Poonch Valley, Sind Valley, and Lidder Valley. The Kashmir Valley is 100 km (62 miles) wide and 15,520.3 sq km in area.

The Himalayas divide the Kashmir Valley from Tibetian Plateau while the Pir Panjal range, which encloses the valley from the west and this south, separates it from the Punjab Plain of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Along the northeastern flank of the Valley runs the main range of the Himalayas. This Valley has an average height of 1,850 meters above sea level, but the surrounding Pir Panjal range has an average elevation of 10,000 feet. The Jehlum River is the major Himalayan river that flows through the Kashmir Valley. The Tawi, Ravi, and Chenab are the other important rivers flowing through the region.

Tourism
Jammu and Kashmir are home to several valleys such as the Kashmir Valley, Chenab Valley, Sindh Valley, and Lidder Valley. Some major tourist attractions in Jammu and Kashmir are Srinagar, the Mughal Gardens, Gulmarg, Pahalgam, Patnitop, and Jammu. Every year, thousands of Hindu pilgrims visit the holy shrines of Vaishno Devi and Amarnath which has had a significant impact on the state's economy.

The Kashmir Valley is one of the top tourist destinations in India. Gulmarg, one of the most popular ski resort destinations in India, is also home to the world's highest green golf course. The decrease in violence in the state had boosted the state's economy, specifically tourism.

But because of the recent Killings of minorities in Kashmir Valley, tourism is going to effect again. 

Jammu and Kashmir are also famous for their scenic beauty, flower gardens, apple farms, and more. It attracts tourists for its unique handicrafts and the world-famous Kashmiri Shawls.

Reference;
1. Jammu and Kashmir (Union Territory)