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What do you mean by the term - Art of Makeup?

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Makeup is a technique that creates the look that one wishes to project. It is not a natural talent, but a technique that is learned and mastered, bringing into use one's power of observation, good taste, and color sense. The art of makeup requires patience, knowledge, common sense, artistic mind, tolerance, knowledge about the art, ingredients, and tools of makeup, and a clear face.

The main purpose of makeup application is to emphasize one's good facial features and minimize the less attractive features.

What is makeup?
Makeup is an art that has to be learned, but perfection comes only with practice. There are a few important points to remember before learning how to apply makeup.

  1. It should look natural.
  2. It should be appropriate for the time and occasion.
  3. The shape of the face should be studied.
  4. Irregularities of features and blemishes should be noted.
  5. There should be an awareness of the dangers of some harmful ingredients.

History of makeup
The earliest historical record of makeup comes from the 1st Dynasty of Egypt. The women of Egypt decorated their eyes by applying dark green color to the under the lid and blackening the lashes and upper lid with kohl, which was made from antimony (a metallic element).

Romans widely used cosmetics by the middle of the 1st century. Kohl was used for darkening eyelashes and eyelids, chalk was used for whitening the complexion, and rouge was worn on the cheek. Depilatories were utilized at that time and pumice was used for cleaning the teeth.

During the European Middle Ages, pale skin was a sign of wealth. Sixth-century women sought drastic measures to achieve that look.

The real evolution began during the 1910s. By then, women made their form of mascara by adding hot beads of wax to the tips of their eyelashes. Some women would use petroleum jelly for this purpose. The first mascara formulated was named after Mabel, the sister of its creator, T. L. Williams, who utilized this method. This mascara is known today as Maybelline.

From the 1930s through the 1950s various movie stars proved to be the models for current trends in makeup. Heavily lined eyes continued through the 70s and 80s with a wide range of eye shadow colors. Today's trend seems to have reverted to the more natural look, with a blending of styles from the past.

In today's world, a woman has hundreds of cosmetics to choose from, with a wide variety of colors and uses. For a younger look, the options available are as simple as hydrating lotions and rejuvenators, advancing to chemical skin peels, the now popular Botox, collagen injections, and ending with the more drastic surgical facelift.

Cosmetics Used in Makeup
1. Cleanser: The basis of skincare is appropriate cleansing. The cleanser is used to remove dirt and dust from the face and neck area. Products must be chosen according to skin type and specific problems. 

Soap is a common way of washing and cleaning the skin, but they contain ingredients that leave an alkaline effect. This may upset the pH balance of the skin.

2. Toner: A toner's function is to complete the cleansing of the skin-removing dust, pollution, and impurities that can still be lingering after cleansing. Most toners are water-based liquids composed of specific active ingredients including plant extracts and essential oils. Mainly there are hydrating toners, calming and soothing toners, and astringent toners.

3. Moisturizer: A light moisturizing lotion is a good base for makeup. It helps to retain moisture in the skin. Dry skins need it and so do oily skins when there is superficial dryness of the outer layer (e.g. when the season is dry).

4. Foundation: Foundations are used as a base for the make-up and as a concealer and highlighter. It helps to even out skin tone and color and also protects outside elements. Foundation should be chosen according to the skin tone. It is available in cream, liquid, semi-solid, cake, stick, or in translucent (colorless)forms. Dry skins require a cream-based foundation, while oily skins need a water-based one.

5. Powder: bA translucent powder helps to set the foundation. There should never be a powdery film left on the face. A shade closest to skin color should be used. The powder is not meant to add color. It is for adding a smooth finish. It is available in two forms -very fine and compact forms. Apply with a bushy brush or with cotton wool and dust off excess powder.

6. Blusher: Blushers/Rouges are used to give the cheeks a soft warm glow. They are available in cream, gel, or powder forms. In case you choose a powder blusher, then it has to be applied after the application of face powder. The color should be darker than your skin tone. One or two shades darker is enough. Always blend well. For oily skins use a powder blusher and for dry skins, a cream blusher may be used.

7. Eye Shadows: Eye shadows are used to add color to the eyes. It makes the wearer's eye look more attractive. They come in a variety of forms viz., powder or cream. They can leave a matte, shiny, or opaque finish, depending on the time of day or the shape of the eyes. The color used should be appropriate to the color of the skin. Blending is important.

8. Eye Liner: Eyeliner comes in liquid eye gel or pencil form. It is used to make the eyes more prominent and create an illusion of thicker lashes. It also helps to enhance the shape and size of the eyes. The line should be smooth and smudged instead of harsh line.

There are 5 types of eyeliner available in the market:

  • Liquid eyeliner
  • Powder-based eye liner
  • Wax Based eye liner
  • Kohl eye liner
  • Gel eye liner

9. Eyebrow pencils: Emphasizes the eyebrows, improves the shape, and makes them look thicker. Use light strokes.

10. Mascara: Thickens the eyelashes and increases the attractiveness of the eyes by emphasizing them. It should not have a thick caked look. Brush the lashes part after application. Two light coats are better than one thick one.

11. Lipstick: Lipstick makes the lips more prominent. It is best applied with a brush. Use the color according to skin and age. Brown or orange shades should not be used for shallow skins. Very dark color adds to age. If lips are thin or thick, the shape can be altered by outlining a better line carefully.

12. Lip Gloss: According to personal interest lip gloss can also be used.

13. Nail Polish: Nail polish consists of synthetic rubber, hardening agent, and resin. It is applied to fingernails and toenails to decorate and protect the nail plate.

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