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By Vrinda Bahekar Dhar 4 Sep 2021

CosmeticsSerumsVitamin CRetinolAHA'sBHA'show to usewhen to useTypes of SerumCosmetology

Young beautiful woman applying nature oil under eyes Close up portrait of elegant charming female using beauty product isolated on light blue background serum stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images

What do Serums really do for the Skin?
Face Serum is a lightweight product that contains concentrated active ingredients.

There are many different types of serum, each with a unique purpose and ingredients. Some serums help to brighten your skin or reduce blemishes, while others focus on boosting hydration or fighting the signs of aging.

Serums absorb deep into your skin.

Confused if you need a serum?
Serum can be a good addition to every once routine;

If you want to target a specific concern like dullness, dark spots, pigmentation, aging or acne scarring, etc.
If you live in a polluted area or spend a lot of time outdoors, serums can help with free radical damage to the skin cells.
If you prefer a weightless and non-greasy finish with your skincare products.
If you have mature skin, a good serum could be a great addition & helps with a strong skin barrier

You don’t need a serum if you are happy with your skin condition;

If you have a chronic skin condition such as eczema or rosacea, serums may cause aggravation.
If you would like to keep your skincare routine very simple then one can avoid using serum

Types of serum
There are many types of serum on market. You must choose the right serum which is required for your skin. Serum such as brightening serums, hydrating serums, anti-aging serums, anti-oxidant serums, texture improvement serums, clarifying serums, pore minimizing serums, acne & sensitive skin serums.

When and how to use a Serum?
It is a daily regime and everyone must do CTM i.e. cleansing, toning, and moisturizing. So you can add serum in this after the first steps of cleaning your skin apply toner & then serum can be applied before moisturizer. After this apply Sunscreen.

Why apply before moisturizer?
The serum penetrates deep into the skin. Moisturizer won’t penetrate below the surface layer of the skin. Serums work on targeted concerns like acne, scars, discoloration, wrinkles, etc. The formula is lightweight and has a thinner consistency. So this step comes before moisturizer. Moisturizers create a physical barrier to lock moisture. The formula is thicker and creamier than serums. It should be applied after serums and before SPF.

How to use it?
1) Leave skin slightly damp after cleansing and toning.

2) Take 2-3 drops/pumps of serum onto your fingertips.

3) Use your fingertips to gently press the serum into the skin.

4) Spread the serum evenly & don’t forget your neck.

5) Tighten the dropper securely after each other.

Let’s discuss some serums….

VITAMIN C Serum	Pure vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) It is a water-soluble antioxidant
How does it help?	Lowers pigmentation & even out skin tone Promotes collagen production Fights free radical damage
How & when to apply?	After tonner and before moisturizer & sunscreen Can apply in day time and evening/ Night Do not skip sunscreen in the morning
Suits	All skin types
Effective when	Usually 8% and above
Concern	Vitamin C is highly acidic and highly unstable, so pick the right product.

NIACINAMIDE SERUM	Derivative of vitamin B3 It is a water-soluble vitamin Essential for our bodies but we don’t produce ourselves
What does it do?	Protects from UV damage Protects from age spots & Pigmentation Improves uneven skin tone, fine lines, wrinkles, dullness & large pores
When to use it?	Use once or twice daily After cleaning, exfoliating, and toning
Great for	All skin types
Note	2-5% concentrations are recommended for beginners. Higher percentages don’t always mean better results (unless recommended by an expert)

RETINOL SERUM	Derivative of vitamin A It is an oil-soluble vitamin
What does it do?	Reduces Hyperpigmentation % minimizes pore appearance Helps with acne Reduces signs of aging Helps with skin cell regeneration
When to use it?	Only at night
When to start?	The mid to late 20s or early 30s
Visible results	Takes at least 2-3 months to see the results
Downside	Can cause side effects like irritation & dryness. Always do a patch test.
Note	Avoid using this serum when you are pregnant

AHA’S SERUM	It is also called Alpha Hydroxy Acid It is a water-soluble acid
What does it do?	Brightens skin complexion & helps prevent acne breakout Promotes blood flow & collagen production Helps with age spots & scars Helps with wrinkles and surface fines
Common AHA’s?	Glycolic, Lactic acid & Mandelic acid
When to use it?	Safe to use in the evening every other day & later switch to daily use
Skin Type	Great for all skin types. But people with dry and sensitive skin should use it with caution
Downside	Can cause side effects like irritation &redness.
Note	Patch test before using

BHA’S SERUM	It is called Beta Hydroxy Acid It is oil soluble acid Salicylic acid is the most common BHA
What does it do?	Decreases the appearance of large pores & surface wrinkles Improves overall skin texture Removes dead skin cells Unclog pores and helps prevent acne
When to apply?	Start slowly. Apply once a week & note your response. Later apply every other day
Great for	Combination to oily skin Lower concentration can be used to help calm sensitive skin.
Downside	Can cause side effects like irritation and dryness
Tip	Patch test before using

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